Your Voice at the Center

On Celebrating Black History Month (Feb. 2023)

Black History month is multivalent for me. On one hand I enjoy the focus on contributions of Black people across the globe in spite of the ever-present reality of anti-Black racism. As James Weldon Johnson says, “We have come over a way that with tears have been watered, we have come treading our path through the blood of the slaughtered” and we should be proud of not only the fact that we have survived, but in many cases, we are thriving.

On the other hand, I despise the way in which the powers-that-be have used symbolic gestures like honoring Black History Month, Juneteenth, and Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Day as recompense for the material pains and losses that Black people continue to suffer through since being brought to this foreign land.

So, with this tension I say, Happy Black History Month. As we celebrate the beauty that is the full African diaspora that has been produced in this country and across the globe, I implore us to stay vigilant and energized in our fight for justice that is ongoing and as needed as it has always been.

Alex Booker

Campus Minister for Religious Diversity, Seattle University

Reflection: CEIE Student Affiliate Zachary Dar

CEIE Student Affiliate Zachary Dar has composed a reflection below on the article “The Chinese Jews of Kaifeng (and what I’ve learned from them)”, written by Rabbi Anson Laytner, and published as part of the Interfaith Observer’s Winter Issue on “Religious Literacy”. 

As one of the world’s oldest religions, Judaism has spread to every populace of the globe; however, there is none as exotic as the Jews of Kaifeng, China: a culture that has survived a millennium. While the first Chinese Synagogue and largest synagogue complex in the world had been built in 1163, (two centuries after the arrival of Judaism), flooding from the Yellow River and fire had destroyed it four times over, with the last synagogue standing for 200 years until its fall in 1860. It wasn’t until 1420, (and the exposure of a royal family members treasonable plot, by a Jewish soldier), that Kaifeng Jews were allowed to assimilate into ordinary Chinese culture. 

In the 17th century, Matteo Ricci was the first Jesuit missionary to meet a Kaifeng Jew. This discovery inspired Europe to embrace the reassimilation of Jews into society. Being Jewish, myself, and having a home in the same footprint as the Matteo Ricci Institute of Seattle University, (a shared office area with the Center for Ecumenical and Interreligious Engagement), I feel a deep connection to this awe-inspiring journey of interreligious culture that is clinging to life in a modern society where we see a context in which Judaism is not an authorized religion to practice. In a profound statement, Rabbi Laytner notes, in the section titled “In Modern Times”, “Despite a profound lack of Jewish knowledge, members of this community have maintained a strong sense of identity in modern times, when awareness of their Jewish identity was all they had to transmit to the next generation.”

National Buddhist-Christian Dialogue

In 2022, the National Council of Churches’ bilateral interfaith dialogues continued to address critically important issues.  The experience of this interaction goes back to our member churches and finds its way into other respective interactions and work.  With the active participation of 25 member and non-member communions at the interreligious relations and collaboration convening table, the exposure for the churches to these other communities and the relevant issues through the dialogues is quite broad; likewise with such wide church participation, the exposure to our interfaith partners of ecumenical realities is quite extensive, and the input from the various churches informs work of the whole.  These intersections reflect the conciliar principles, methodologies and aims of the organization.

Among these dialogues, which include the National Jewish-Christian Dialogue, the National Muslim-Christian Dialogue, and the National Sikh-Christian Dialogue, are the following two dialogues, which are based on the West Coast:

The National Buddhist-Christian Dialogue, co-convened by the NCC with The Guibord Center, Claremont School of Theology, University of the West, and Fo Guang Shan Hsi Lai Temple, met remotely in May, and covered the following agenda topics: the historical and religious dimensions to the war in Ukraine; the lessons learned from the Japanese experience of WWII internment; and the continuing impact of Covid-19 in our communities.  In October, the dialogue resumed in-person gatherings and met in Los Angeles, and it covered the following agenda topics: the Lotus Sutra and peace, and the Christian scriptures and justice; internal distinctions in our respective traditions; and therefore implications for solidarity in the face of racial discrimination and hate crimes directed at Asian communities in the US.  The group also visited the Japanese American National Museum for a private tour (as the museum was otherwise closed to the general public for the day) of an exhibit on “Sutra and Bible – Faith and the Japanese American WWII Incarceration” (https://www.janm.org/exhibits/sutra-and-bible).

The National Hindu-Christian Dialogue, co-convened by the NCC with The Guibord Center and Vedanta Society of Southern California, met remotely in May, with an agenda focused on historical and religious dimensions to the war in Ukraine and humanitarian concerns facing the world as a result of the conflict.  In October, the dialogue resumed its in-person sessions with a gathering in Los Angeles.  Topics included the meaning of respective holidays that were being celebrated during that timeframe, namely Diwali and worship of the Divine Mother, and All Saints Day, with particular focus on the various theological understandings of Mary; the interrelatedness of growing friendship, deepening theological understanding, interfaith dialogue, and collaboration; and how these converge when addressing the social complexities in the US and India in terms of racism, ethnic supremacy, and religious nationalism.  The group also had a private viewing of the film on the sanctity of creation, especially animals, called Anima, which was produced by The Guibord Center and is winning awards in international film festivals (https://theguibordcenter.org/initiatives/animals-and-creation/anima-movie/).

The NCC is fortunate to have the participation of Seattle University’s Center for Ecumenical and Interreligious Engagement at these two dialogue tables, and we appreciate the vision and leadership that the Center and its director, Rev. Dr. Michael Trice, bring to our conversations.

Click on the image above to visit Rev. Dr. Rick Rouse’s profile at Seattle University.

A Lutheran Summit: Historic Gathering on Seattle University Campus

Leaders of major Lutheran institutions in the Pacific Northwest gathered for a Lutheran Summit hosted by Seattle University’s Center for Ecumenical and Interreligious Engagement.  Center Director and Spehar-Halligan Professor, Rev. Dr. Michael Trice and Advisory Council member Rev. Dr. Rick Rouse co-facilitated a stimulating day of conversation, discovery, and envisioning.  Participants shared their plans and aspirations for the spiritual formation and development of church leaders in the Pacific Northwest.   

The gathering was significant because it brought together bishops, laypeople, clergy, educators, and community service providers to explore their common mission and to consider the potential for collaboration and cooperation.  A guiding inquiry of the Summit was:  How and in what specific ways will we leverage our mutual gifts to best impact the Lutheran community in Washington State and the Pacific Northwest?  Summit attendees discussed such topics as the unique culture of spirituality in the Northwest, the complex issues of trauma and anxiety taking its toll on pastors and congregations, and the future of university and seminary cooperation in theological formation.   

A rich legacy of Catholic-Lutheran connection at Seattle U. was evident throughout the day.  Not only were additional members of university staff and faculty present for the conversation, but Provost Dr. Shane Martin spoke on the common values that Jesuits and Lutherans share in higher education.  Others attending the event included Lutheran Bishops Rick Jaech and Shelley Bryan Wee; Dr. Allan Belton, President of Pacific Lutheran University (PLU); Dr. Marit Trelstad and Kendall Jeske of PLU; Rev. Dr. Ray Pickett, Rector of Pacific Lutheran Theological Seminary; David Duea, Executive Director of Lutheran Community Services Northwest; Rev. Dr. David Hahn, Director of the LiVE Project; Dr. Joe Orlando S.U. Special Assistant to the Provost for Strategic Initiatives, Dr. Catherine Punsalan-Manlimos, S.U. Vice-President for Mission Integration,  Rev. Dr. Edward Donalson, Faculty Associate to CEIE and Director of the D.Min. Program at the School of Theology and Ministry, and Marcia Riggers, long-serving advisor to the university and today serving on the CEIE Advisory Council.     

Click on the image above to visit Dr. Marc Cohen’s profile at Seattle University.

The Hebrew Bible’s argument for religious diversity 

The first five books of the Hebrew Bible, Genesis through Deuteronomy, are divided into 54 “portions.” One or two are read each week on a schedule followed (uniformly) by Jewish communities around the world. The cycle began again with the first few chapters of Genesis the week of October 16th, then this past week we read the chapter that include the story of the Tower of Babel. 

On the conventional interpretation, a group of un-named persons build (what we would call) a skyscraper, to displace God. And then an angry, threatened God responds: God “confounds their speech” and—because they can no longer communicate—the city-builders are forced to abandon their skyscraper. The name ‘bavel’ is derived from the Hebrew word for “confound.” As such, the story can serve as a myth explaining how human communities came to speak different languages. 

But something very different is at stake, something we can see if we pay close attention to the text. 

11:1: Everyone on earth had the same language and the same words. 

11:2: And as they migrated from the east, they came upon a valley in the land of Shinar and settled there.  

11:4: And they said, “Come, let us build a city, and a tower with its top in the sky, to make a name for ourselves; else we shall be scattered all over the world.”  

One key to this text is the last part of verse 4, “else we will be scattered all over the world.” 

This desire, to avoid being scattered across the world, conflicts—directly—with God’s commandment to Adam at Genesis 1:28, “Be fertile and increase, fill the earth.” And this desire conflicts with the same commandment given to Noah after the flood at 9:1: “Be fertile and increase, and fill the earth.” 

11:7: [God says], “let us, then, go down and confound their speech there, so they shall not understand one another’s speech.” 

11:8: Thus the Lord scattered them from there over the face of the whole earth; and they stopped building the city.” 

Note that the tower is not mentioned in verse 8, connected with the starting point mentioned a moment ago: interpretations of this story focused on the tower emphasize the wrong point and misunderstand the text. And note that—also in verse 8—God is not punishing the city-builders by “scatter[ing] them over the face of the whole earth.” God is, instead, restoring (or enforcing) God’s own vision, humans should fill the earth. 

But what is at stake in the commandment to fill the earth, why is building this city—the opposite of filling the earth—a problem? 

Theologian Rabbi Shai Held’s interpretation focuses on this question, and his answer follows the nineteenth century, eastern-European rabbi known as the Netziv. (“Netziv” is an acronym for that rabbi’s name, Naftali Tzvi Yehuda Berlin.) 

The Netziv focuses on the end of verse 1, “Everyone on earth had the same language and the same words.”  

The Netziv understands “the same words” to mean the same thoughts. And he explains: “the words themselves are not explained by the text, it just tells us that they were the same words, to teach us that it wasn’t because of the content of the words themselves that the Holy One of Blessing was distressed.” 

And the city-builders enforced this conformity in thought, this is implied in their worry in verse 4, “else we be scattered all over the world.” The Netziv again: “they [the city-builders] feared that since not all human thoughts are alike, if some would leave they might adopt different thoughts. And so they saw to it that no one left their enclave.” The tower was to serve as a watchtower. 

God’s intervention, God’s confounding the city-builders’ language, therefore creates space for different thoughts. Rabbi Held: “Our story is not about the loss of some primordial human unity lost in the mists of time, but on the contrary, about an active attempt to undo a divine plan for diversity.” 

Two further points are important here.  

First, the passages in Genesis chapter 10—before the story of the city and the tower—consist of a long genealogy. Those passages list Noah’s sons’ many descendants, all given by name. And the passage immediately after the story of the tower repeats the list of Shem’s descendants, extending the genealogy it to Abraham. The Hebrew the word ‘shem’ actually means “name,” in case we missed the point that names matter.  

But—in contrast—no individuals appear in the story of the tower. There are no names.  

Rabbi Held sees a connection here between the conformity in thought imposed by the city-builders and the lack of names: enforcing conformity destroys our individuality and that—according to Held—is “an assault on God”! “Jewish theology affirms that each and every human being is created in the image of God, and that our uniqueness and individuality are a large part of what God treasures about us.” So the story amounts to “God’s affirmation of the blessings of cultural, linguistic, and geographical diversity.”

Second, Rabbi Held doesn’t mention this, but the Netziv connects the story of the tower with another verse.  

Later in Genesis, Isaac blesses his son Jacob saying, “May El Shaddai [another name for God used in the Hebrew Bible] bless you, make you fertile and numerous, so that you become an assembly of peoples” (28:3)—peoples, plural.  

According to the Netziv, a people—singular—follows one custom.  

So the mention of peoples in Genesis 28:3—plural—means that Jacob is blessed as the father of a Jewish community in which different groups hold different customs, religious practices, and interpretations!

The Netziv might not take this further step, but can we extend God’s blessings of cultural, linguistic, and geographical diversity to include beliefs and practices across religious communities? 

Can this text serve as the starting point for inter-religious dialogue and exchange, as a way of participating in this blessing?

From the other direction, by resisting this sort of engagement across religious traditions, by not engaging with others as equals, do we confound God’s blessing of diversity? 

Sources: Material taken from the chapter “People have names,” in Rabbi Shai Held’s wonderful book The Heart of Torah (Philadelphia: The Jewish Publication Society, 2017). Text of the Netziv’s Haamek Davar accessed at https://www.sefaria.org/Haamek_Davar_on_Genesis?tab=contents 

 

The author and Michael Trice dedicate this essay to the memory of Fr. Peter Ely, z’’l.